Semiconductor & vacuum fabrication

Semiconductor Vacuum Chambers

UHV-capable process chambers in 316L and aluminium — welded, electropolished, helium tested to 1 × 10⁻⁹ mbar·l/s and CMM verified to ±0.02 mm.

We build chambers for the equipment makers rather than for the fabs. That means the acceptance criteria are dimensional as well as vacuum: a plasma etch chamber has to seal at 10⁻⁹ and also hold flatness across a metre of aluminium, because the electrode gap depends on it.

What we actually make

Process chambers and chamber parts for plasma etch, CVD and PVD tools; load-lock and transfer chambers; and the large aluminium and stainless weldments that carry the process. Most of our work goes to semiconductor equipment manufacturers as a build-to-print or build-to-spec supplier, not to fabs directly.

The two acceptance criteria that decide everything

Vacuum integrity and dimensional accuracy pull against each other. Welding a large chamber distorts it; machining it after welding puts coolant and chips into a surface that must ultimately be clean. Our sequence is weld, stress relieve, machine, electropolish, leak test, bake — each step verified before the next, so a dimensional problem is caught before the vacuum work begins rather than after.

Materials and why they are chosen

316L stainless is the default for process chambers because of its corrosion resistance and low outgassing after electropolishing. 316LN is specified where magnetic permeability matters, for example near an electron column. 6061 and 5083 aluminium are used for large etch chambers where weight and thermal conductivity dominate, at the cost of a harder welding and cleaning route.

Documentation

Each chamber ships with its own test record: dimensional report from CMM inspection, helium leak test result with method and detection limit, surface finish measurement, material certificates, and the weld procedure and welder qualification. This is the package a semiconductor customer's supplier audit asks for, and producing it is not optional in this market.

A representative project

A Japanese semiconductor equipment manufacturer needed large aluminium vacuum chambers for plasma etch systems, with extreme flatness across an 800 mm face. The chambers were machined to 0.015 mm flatness, passed helium leak testing at 1 × 10⁻⁹ mbar·l/s, and were integrated with no field modification. That project became a long-term supply agreement for more than 50 chambers a year.

Reference table

Chamber types and the parameters that matter for each

Chamber typeTypical materialVacuum targetCritical parameter
Plasma etch process chamberAluminium 6061, anodisedUHV, 10⁻⁹ mbar·l/s leak-tightFlatness across the electrode face
CVD / PVD process chamber316L stainlessUHV with bake-outInternal surface finish and outgassing
Load-lock / transfer chamberAluminium or 316LHV to UHVPort position and flange flatness
Sputter deposition chamber316L stainlessUHV with bake-outTarget mounting geometry
Thermal / bake-out chamber316L stainlessHVTemperature uniformity and seal rating
Battery degassing chamber316L stainlessHVSeal compatibility with process vapour

What we control in-house

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a UHV and an HV chamber?

Roughly, high vacuum ends around 1 × 10⁻⁷ mbar and ultra-high vacuum starts below 1 × 10⁻⁹ mbar. Reaching UHV requires more than a good pump: the chamber must be electropolished, bakeable and all-metal sealed, because at that pressure the residual gas comes from the walls rather than from a leak.

Can you machine a chamber after welding it?

Yes, and for semiconductor work it is normally required. We weld, stress relieve, then machine so the sealing faces and mounting surfaces are true after the distortion from welding has been removed. Machining before welding would mean the distortion lands on the sealing face.

What flatness can you hold on a large chamber face?

We have delivered chambers at 0.015 mm flatness across an 800 mm face, verified on a Zeiss CMM and reported per chamber rather than per batch.

Do you work to SEMI standards?

Yes. We work to customer specifications that reference SEMI requirements, and we provide the documentation package — material certificates, weld procedures, leak test records and dimensional reports — that a supplier qualification audit expects.

What is the largest chamber you can make?

Our gantry machining envelope is 12 m × 4 m × 2 m, so chambers up to that size can be machined in one setup rather than split and re-aligned.

Related capabilities

Electropolishing Services for Stainless Steel Vacuum Components
In-house electropolishing for 304, 316L and aluminium vacuum chambers. Ra < 0.4 µm, reduced outgassing f
Helium Leak Testing & Leak Detection Services
Helium mass-spectrometer leak testing for vacuum chambers, weldments and feedthroughs. Detection to 1 ×
Vacuum Brazing Services
Vacuum brazing for stainless and aluminium assemblies: flux-free, oxide-free joints with no post-cleanin
Vacuum Furnace & Vacuum Heat Treatment
Vacuum heat treatment, vacuum brazing and chamber bake-out at 150–400 °C. In-house capacity for stainles
ConFlat (CF) Flange Machining
Precision-machined ConFlat (CF) flanges for UHV service. Knife-edge sealing to 1 × 10⁻¹³ Torr, bakeable
KF, ISO-K and ISO-F Vacuum Flange Machining
Precision machining of KF (NW), ISO-K and ISO-F vacuum flanges in 304/316L and aluminium. Standard sizes
Vacuum Viewport Machining
Vacuum viewport flanges machined in-house: CF and KF bodies with matched glass seats, bakeable UHV const
Vacuum Feedthrough Flange Machining
Machined vacuum feedthrough flange bodies in CF and KF: power, thermocouple, instrumentation and multipi
UHV Chambers & Components
Ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chambers and components: 316L and 316LN fabrication, electropolished, bakeable t
Custom Vacuum Chamber Manufacturing
Custom vacuum chambers built to print or to specification: 316L, aluminium, large weldments up to 12 m,
Vacuum Chamber Fabrication & Welding
Vacuum chamber fabrication and welding: full-penetration clean TIG, no micro-porosity, helium tested to
Vacuum Degassing Chambers
Vacuum degassing chambers in 316L for battery cell degassing, resin and material degassing. Electropolis
Thermal Vacuum & Space Simulation Chambers
Thermal vacuum and space simulation chamber fabrication: 316L vessels with thermal shrouds, feedthrough

Need this made to spec?

Send the drawing or the specification and we will come back with a DDP price, lead time and inspection plan.

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